The runaway tram
Philippa Foot, “The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect,” Oxford Review (1967); later reworked by Judith Jarvis Thomson.
Foot’s 1967 paper discusses a driver who can steer a runaway tram from five people onto one. She is interested in the doctrine of double effect and in the difference between negative and positive rights, not in inventing a party game. Thomson later changes the picture to a bystander at a switch and argues that the problem is harder than Foot’s contrast. “The Trolley Problem” in The Yale Law Journal (1985) is Thomson’s later statement.
NOEMA asks the question without reporting either philosopher’s verdict on the page where you answer. Both diverting and refusing are treated as intelligible. The case does not measure nerve or intelligence.