Rationalism

The inclination to treat reasoning as able to reach truths about reality that a particular observation does not first deliver.

Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz are the usual early modern names, and they do not agree. Kant then refuses the simple contest. NOEMA still asks which way you lean when a demonstration and an observation conflict. A high score is not a claim that you possess a priori knowledge of the world.

Six axes

• Knowledge

Philosophers

• René Descartes
• Immanuel Kant
• Plato

• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Rationalism vs. Empiricism”